Ukusungulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwephepha

Iphepha elisetshenziswa enkampanini yethuamabhokisi esinkwa,amabhokisi e-pizzanokunyeamabhokisi okupakisha ukudlaikhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kakhulu bokwenza amaphepha, ihlinzeka isivakashi ngasinye ngemikhiqizo yekhwalithi engcono kakhulu

Ngesikhathi se-Western Han Dynasty (206 BC), i-China yayisivele yenza amaphepha, futhi ngonyaka wokuqala we-Yuanxing (105) eMpumalanga Han Dynasty, uCai Lun wathuthukisa ukwenziwa kwamaphepha.Usebenzisa amagxolo, ikhanda le-hemp, indwangu, inetha lokudoba nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ukuze enze iphepha ngezinqubo zokugxoba, ukupondoza, ukuthosa, ukubhaka, njll., okuwumsuka wephepha lesimanje.Lolu hlobo lwephepha, impahla eluhlaza kulula ukuyithola, ishibhile kakhulu, ikhwalithi nayo ithuthukile, futhi kancane kancane isetshenziswa kabanzi.Ukukhumbula impumelelo ka-Cai Lun, izizukulwane zakamuva zabiza leli phepha ngokuthi “iphepha le-Cai Hou”.

Iphepha liwukucwebezela kwesipiliyoni sesikhathi eside nobuhlakani babantu abasebenzayo baseShayina.Iphepha liwumkhiqizo wefiber ofana neshidi osetshenziselwa ukubhala, ukuphrinta, ukupenda noma ukupakisha.Ngokuvamile, yenziwa ngokumiswa kwamanzi emicu yezitshalo egayiwe, ehlanganiswa enethini, iqale iphelelwe amanzi, bese iyacindezelwa bese yomiswa.I-China iyizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukusungula iphepha.

Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla buthuthuka ngokushesha, futhi inqubo yesimanje yokwenza iphepha yenziwe ngemishini.

I-Groundwood Pulp isebenzisa amandla okugaya ngomshini ukuthola i-wood fiber, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-pulp mechanical, engahlukaniswa ibe yi-pulp evamile yemishini, i-pulp yomshini ecwengiwe, i-thermomechanical pulp, njll.

I-pulp yamakhemikhali isebenzisa izindlela zamakhemikhali ukuhlukanisa imicu kusuka ku-lignin ukuze kutholwe imicu yokhuni, engaphinde ihlukaniswe ibe yi-soda pulp, i-sulfite pulp, ne-sulfate pulp.

I-pulp ye-semichemical (I-Semichemical Pulp) Ukuhlanganisa izindlela zokudonsa ngomshini kanye namakhemikhali, ingabuye ihlukaniswe ibe yi-pulp ye-semi-chemical engathathi hlangothi, i-cold soda pulp, i-chemical mechanical pulp, njll.